Complete collection of data storage and transfer rate converters. Convert between bits, bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB with decimal (SI) and binary (IEC) options. 50+ popular converters for all your needs.
Data storage units and data transfer converters which are most used.
Convert bytes. Byte is the base unit of data. 1 byte = 8 bits.
1 B = 8 bits1 KB = 1024 B (binary) or 1000 B (decimal)
Convert kilobytes.
1 KB = 1000¹ bytes in SI1 KB = 1024¹ = 2¹⁰ bytes in binary
Convert megabytes.
1 MB = 1000² bytes in SI1 MB = 1024² = 2²⁰ bytes in binary
Convert gigabytes.
1 GB = 1000³ bytes in SI1 GB = 1024³ = 2³⁰ bytes in binary
Convert terabytes.
1 TB = 1000⁴ bytes in SI1 TB = 1024⁴ = 2⁴⁰ bytes in binary
Convert petabytes.
1 PB = 1000⁵ bytes in SI1 PB = 1024⁵ = 2⁵⁰ bytes in binary
Convert data transfer rate units. Gbps, Mbps, kbps, MB/s, kB/s.
1 MB/s = 8 Mbps1 Gbps = 1000 Mbps
Bits (b), Kilobits (kbit), Megabits (Mbit), Gigabits (Gbit)
1 byte = 8 bits1 Mbit = 1000 kbit
Kibibytes (KiB), Mebibytes (MiB), Gibibytes (GiB), Tebibytes (TiB)
1 KiB = 1024 bytes1 MiB = 1024 KiB1 GiB = 1024 MiB
The bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit of data, representing a 0 or 1. Eight bits make one byte, which is enough to store a single character like 'A' or '&'. All larger storage units are built from bytes.
There are two main systems for measuring data:
This dual standard explains why a "1 TB" hard drive shows only 931 GB in Windows - manufacturers use decimal, while Windows reports in binary units.
| Unit | Decimal (bytes) | Binary (bytes) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 KB / KiB | 1,000 | 1,024 |
| 1 MB / MiB | 1,000,000 | 1,048,576 |
| 1 GB / GiB | 1,000,000,000 | 1,073,741,824 |
| 1 TB / TiB | 1,000,000,000,000 | 1,099,511,627,776 |
| 1 PB / PiB | 1,000,000,000,000,000 | 1,125,899,906,842,624 |
Network speeds are typically measured in bits per second (bps), while file transfers show bytes per second (B/s). The conversion is simple: 1 byte/s = 8 bits/s. Common units:
In-depth articles written by industry experts to help you understand data storage better.
Ever wondered why your brand new 1 TB hard drive only shows 931 GB in Windows? This article explains the difference between decimal (SI) and binary (IEC) units, how manufacturers and operating systems measure storage differently, and why this gap exists.
Why does your 500 Mbps internet plan only download at 62.5 MB/s? This article explains the difference between Megabits (Mbps) and Megabytes (MB/s), why internet providers use bits while downloads show bytes, and how to calculate your real download speeds.
Based on analysis of 3,500+ smartphone users, this article reveals the optimal storage capacity for different user types. Discover why 82% of 64 GB buyers regret their choice within 18 months, and get honest recommendations for your next device.
NVMe SSDs are up to 30x faster than traditional hard drives. But is speed always the priority? This article compares SSDs, external HDDs, and cloud storage across speed, cost, reliability, and use cases to help you make the right choice.
16,000,000,000 bytes ÷ 1,073,741,824 = 14.9 GiB. Filesystem formatting takes about 0.2 GB. This is completely normal.
At 5 MB per iPhone photo → 200,000 photos. At 25 MB per RAW photo → 40,000 photos. It all depends on the context!
1 TB (decimal) = 1000⁴ = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes. 1 TiB (binary) = 1024⁴ = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes. The difference is about 9.95%.
200 Mbps = 25 MB/s. 100,000 MB ÷ 25 = 4,000 seconds ≈ 67 minutes in theory. In practice, about 85 minutes.
Yes, WebP is typically 25-35% smaller than JPEG at the same quality. It's the recommended format for modern websites.
WebP is currently the best format for web images. AVIF is even better but has limited browser support. Use JPEG as a fallback.
Lossy compression (JPEG, WebP) reduces quality slightly. Lossless compression (PNG, GIF) preserves perfect quality. Use lossy for photos and lossless for graphics with text.
MB (Megabyte) is decimal: 1 MB = 1,000,000 bytes. MiB (Mebibyte) is binary: 1 MiB = 1,048,576 bytes. The difference is about 4.86%.
It's a historical convention. Bits are the basic unit of data transmission, and using bits makes the numbers look larger and more impressive for marketing.
1 PB = 1,000 TB or about 1 million GB. It can store approximately 500 billion pages of text or 20 million four-drawer filing cabinets filled with text.